What are the components of a typical small-arms cartridge?

A typical small-arms cartridge is fundamentally designed to ensure the reliable functioning of a firearm, and the correct components that make up this cartridge are the cartridge case, primer, bullet, and propellant.

The cartridge case is the container that holds all the other components together and is designed to withstand the pressure created when the round is fired. The primer is a small component that ignites the propellant when struck by the firing pin, causing combustion. The bullet is the projectile that is expelled from the firearm when the cartridge is fired. Finally, the propellant, usually in the form of gunpowder, is what creates the gas pressure necessary to propel the bullet out of the barrel.

Each of these components has a specific function that contributes to the overall performance of the cartridge, making this answer the most accurate representation of what constitutes a small-arms cartridge.